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A Roman Catholic's Journey to Eastern Catholicism: Part 4 The Journey Continues

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Shortly after my official introduction to the Byzantine tradition in Michigan my wife and I moved to Northern Virginia so that I could pursue graduate studies in psychology (for various reasons those studies were quickly abandoned). Before we moved, however, I made sure that there was at least one Byzantine parish in the area. In fact, there are several. The one that we began attending regularly is called "Holy Epiphany of Our Lord Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church." We attended Liturgy there for the first several months after our move, and I came to know the pastor and a number of parishioners, all of them wonderful people. It was here that my prayer rope-making business really got a good start. The pastor noticed my rope, and when it came out that I had made it he asked if I'd be willing to make one for him as well. He kept saying over and over that my ropes were "like the old ropes" where the knots were separated instead of being all squished together like the majority of today's prayer ropes. After I made a rope for him he excitedly showed it to a number of folks, and it wasn't long before the parish bookstore started carrying my ropes as well. I also made a rope for a visiting Jesuit priest who had been learning to celebrate the Divine Liturgy in order to gain bi-ritual faculties and help out some of the local Byzantine parishes.

During one of my conversations with the pastor in the sacristy a gentleman walked in and began chatting with us. The pastor quickly showed him his new prayer rope that I'd made, and the gentleman, being very impressed, asked if I'd make one for him as well. I was very happy to do so. While we were chatting it came out that I was looking for a job because my wife, who was seven months pregnant at the time, had just undergone surgery and I'd just dropped out of graduate school in order to find a job to support my family. It turns out that the gentleman was none other than Jack Figel, founder and owner of "Eastern Christian Publications" in Fairfax, VA. He had been looking for some help with the publishing company and I quickly accepted his offer. A couple of days later I embarked upon a journey that has all but solidified my identification as an Eastern Catholic.

Working at Eastern Christian Publications was life-changing for me. I had access to tons of books and articles on the Christian East (both Catholic and Orthodox), her theology, spirituality, tradition, etc. I also came to a deeper understanding of the problems and struggles of ecumenical relations between Catholics and Orthodox, as well as the struggles for identity among Eastern Catholics and what their role in the Catholic Church as a whole ought to be. What was truly amazing for me, however, was the hours and hours I got to spend shooting and editing video footage of guest lecturers such as the leading Byzantine liturgical scholar, Fr. Robert Taft, S.J., or professor of iconology at St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary, Prof. Richard Schneider, and folks of similar dynamism. I was also privileged to edit hours and hours of video footage by Met. Kallistos Ware, Fr. David Anderson, Archpriest Lawrence Cross, Met. Jonah (former Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church in America), Fr. Maximos Davies, and others. Being able to listen to and absorb their wisdom and experience, as well as reading some of the works of folks like Archbishop Elias Zoghby and Fr. Cyril Korolevsky, really formed my love and understanding of the Byzantine tradition. For me, these experiences brought the tradition to life in a way that, I believe, would've taken decades of study otherwise. I'm very grateful for the time that I spent working at Eastern Christian Publications, and I whole-heartedly recommend any and all of their publications to both Catholics and Orthodox alike.

Shortly after I began working at Eastern Christian Publications I had occasion to attend the local Melkite Greek Catholic parish in McLean, VA. The parish is called "Holy Transfiguration Melkite Greek Catholic Church." I'd known about the parish prior to moving to Virginia because of the search I'd done for Byzantine parishes online. I'd always intended on checking the parish out once we got settled because of my curiosity about the Melkite tradition ignited by the lecture I'd listened to by Bishop Nicolas Samra on the Jesus Prayer. Unfortunately it took a number of months for us to get settled, and it wasn't until just a week or two before Christmas in 2008 that I was able to attend my first Divine Liturgy there. I was immediately blown away by both the celebration of the Liturgy itself, and the strength and warmth of the community there. It wasn't long before my wife and I officially became parishioners. We've been attending there ever since. Both of our children have been baptized, chirsmated, and communicated into that parish, and if I could I would have the same for all of our future children. What working at Eastern Christian Publications did for me on an intellectual level, Holy Transfiguration solidified and raised it up to a more spiritual level. What I'd learned from the metropolitans, bishops, priests, monks, and scholars through conversation became experiential through participation in Holy Transfiguration's rich liturgical life and the love with which the Liturgy is celebrated there.

Now that my wife and I are preparing to move from the Northern Virginia area back home to my beloved Greater Cincinnati area, I'm going to feel the loss of the community at Holy Transfiguration most keenly. There is no Melkite parish in the Cincinnati area, and the closest parish that celebrates the Byzantine tradition is a small mission out in Dayton, Ohio. Most likely we will not be able to make it out there. But I do look forward to broadening my perspective on the traditions of the East after our move. There is a Maronite Catholic parish in Cincinnati which we plan on checking out and, possibly, making our home parish. If I had my way, however, there would be a Melkite parish in Cincinnati some time in the next few years.

Perhaps as my pilgrimage to the East continues I may post some of my experiences in the Maronite tradition and the great insights that that tradition has to offer us. In the meantime I will remain a Byzantine at heart and will look forward to the day that some sort of Byzantine parish is firmly established in Cincinnati. May heaven consume us.

Custom-Made Mequtaria

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The following pictures are of a custom-made mequtaria that I did for a customer. It is a 41 knot mequtaria (including the joining knot) divided with a bead every 10 knots. Originally he wanted it with purple beads, but I didn't have any available so he said the white(ish) beads would be just fine. Enjoy! :)



Another Prayer Rule!

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Hi Everyone,

I'm sorry I've been absent for some time. My family and I just moved from the Northern Virginia area to the Northern Kentucky area (Greater Cincinnati). The move has been quite an adventure, but my wife and I are both very happy with it because we're in a much better place and we're closer to family here. It's nice to be back in the area that I grew up in - albeit on the Kentucky side of that area.

Another happy circumstance that came from the move is that I've stumbled across another prayer rule focused on the Jesus Prayer. I found this rule in the prayer book Let Us Pray to the Lord: Volume 1, Daily Office published by Eastern Christian Publications. This is an excellent little prayer book that I highly recommend, especially to those who are interested in the Slavic (Ukrainian, Russian, Carpatho-Russyn/Ruthenian and, to some extent, Romanian) usage of the Byzantine tradition. Although my favorite prayer book is still the Publican's Prayer Book put out by the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Newton, I find Let Us Pray to the Lord to be a wonderful source of prayer as well, particularly if you'd prefer a prayer rule that is more centered around the Divine Office/Liturgy of the Hours.

Towards the back of the book there are a couple pages on the Jesus Prayer, including a short rule intended for monastic use, but certainly usable/adaptable for the purposes of us lay folk as well. The rule itself comes from the typical edition of the Casoslav/Horologion published originally in 1950 in Rome as part of the historic Ruthenian Recension. The Recension is a very interesting multi-volume liturgical publication that was the result of years of turmoil within the Slavic-Byzantine Catholic Churches as they struggled between a desire to cling to "Latinizations" on the one hand, and a desire to restore the authentic Byzantine tradition on the other. One of my personal heroes, Metropolitan Andrew Sheptytsky, was at the center of the turmoil, fighting tooth and nail to restore authentic Eastern praxis. The Recension was Rome's response to the turmoil after being asked to intervene. Interestingly, the result was a recension so "purified" of Latin influence that it was/is used among the Orthodox in the Slavic lands as well.

But setting aside the background of the Recension itself, the book provides the following simple rule for the Jesus Prayer:

After making the Sign of the Cross, each of the following prayers are said with accompanying prostrations:

O God, be merciful to me, a sinner!

O God, cleanse me of my sins, and have mercy on me!

O Lord, You are my Creator, have mercy on me!

O Lord, forgive me, for I have sinned without number.

Then we pray:

O Virgin Lady, Theotokos (Mother of God), save me!

My holy guardian angel, protect me from all harm!

Holy (your patron saint), pray to God for me.

Then we pray the Jesus Prayer 100 times. If there are divider beads on your prayer rope, one would pray "Most Holy Theotokos (Mother of God), save us!" on those beads.

The beauty of such a simple rule is its ease of adaptation. One could just as easily pray 33, 50, 100, 150, or even 300 Jesus Prayers with such a simple rule. It is also an easy rule to memorize since all the prayers are so short. I actually find this rule to be much easier to perform and adapt than the Rule of St. Pachomius I posted some time back.

The only thing I find wanting in this simple rule is the lack of closing prayers. I like to have closure at the end of my prayer rule. Such a lack is easily remedied, however. I just simply pray:

"It is truly meet to bless you, O Theotokos. You are ever-blessed and all-blameless, and the Mother of our God. Higher in honor than the Cherubim, and more glorious beyond compare than the Seraphim. You who without corruption did bear God the Word. You are truly Theotokos, we magnify you."

And then:

"Through the prayers + of our holy fathers, O Lord Jesus Christ our God, have mercy on us and save us."

It's simple, it's easily remembered, it is adaptable! I'm quite pleased to have rediscovered this little rule and will be using it much more often from here on out. May heaven consume us!

Christ is born! God is Revealed!

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This Christmas season the liturgical texts of the Byzantine and Maronite Churches have reminded me of an aspect of Eastern spirituality that I have always found particularly appealing; that is, the unknowability of God. By this we do not mean, of course, that we can in no way come to know anything of God or about God. God has revealed Himself to us through creation, His actions throughout history, and most particularly through Salvation History as revealed in the Scriptures. The fulness of God's revelation has come to us in the Person of Jesus Christ, whose birth we are currently celebrating (incidentally the Byzantines celebrate Christ's birth not for twelve days or until Epiphany, but until the feast of the Presentation in the Temple on February 2). No, what we mean by the unknowability of God is the impossibility of human language and human concepts to fully grasp and communicate the infinite mystery of God. Every Sunday in the anaphora of the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom before recounting God's deeds in creation and redemption the priest (and through him we the people) prays:

"IT IS FITTING AND RIGHT to sing to You, to bless You, to praise You, to give thanks to You, to worship You in every place of your dominion: for You are God, beyond description, beyond understanding, invisible, incomprehensible, always existing, always the same; You and your only-begotten Son and your Holy Spirit."

We are reminded here that words cannot suffice to describe God, intellectual concepts cannot fully grasp him, nor can the eye of the mind see or understand God in His essence. The Scriptures remind us that God's ways are not our ways, that no man can look on the face of God and live, that only the Son knows the Father, and those to whom the Son reveals Him.

In the Maronite tradition the texts of Safro/Morning Prayer remind us of this unknowability of God. In the Sedro we pray:

"Son of God, Word and image of the Father, his only begotten and well-beloved Son, you are the infant that neither mind can encompass, nor the spirit comprehend, wisdom fathom, science know, nor knowledge reveal. No description can portray you, O Lord, no name name you, no language explain you, no lips pronounce you."

Such a message, in my opinion, is extremely important for our day and age. We live in an age where we want nothing but forensic, scientific, "factual" knowledge. If something cannot be weighed, measured, calculated, dissected, poked, and prodded, then it is either not real, or its truth is relative. Even within the Church there is this strong desire for such "forensic" knowledge. In my experience the Churches of both East and West, Catholic and Orthodox, have emphasized often their own theological positions to such an extent that God seems little more than a concept, an intellectual exercise, or a list of dogmatic beliefs.

What the liturgical texts of this Christmas season teach us is that God is not a list of philosophical or dogmatic truths that we have come to believe. Nor is He something that scientific study can analyze. Rather, "God is the Lord, and has revealed Himself to us!" as we pray every Sunday in the Byzantine tradition. God is a Person, or rather a Trinity of Persons, that we come to know through personal encounter. This personal encounter with God is only possible because God has first sought us out and revealed Himself to us. He loves us so much that in creating us He desired to be in relationship with us, to know us and to be known by us. Do we not read, after all, that when God first created Adam and Eve He used to walk with them in the garden, conversing with them in the cool of the evening! Although we lost this intimacy with God through our own sinfulness, He has always sought us out and sought to restore that intimacy, that ability to converse with Him face-to-face as with a friend.

When God revealed His name, YHWH, to Moses He revealed also His deep love for us. We often translate YHWH as meaning "I am who am," or "I am who I am." This translation is fraught with Greek philosophical concepts. YHWH is translated into Greek as "ho on" meaning, "I am the one who is," or "I am the essence of being itself." This of course is true. But it actually fails to accurately translate the Hebrew YHWH. YHWH means active being or active presence. According to Fr. John Custer the best translation of the Hebrew would be, "I will be there as who I am." Fr. John says,

"What God went on to promise Moses is that He would be actively present in the lives of His people..."

Fr. George Maloney also speaks of this active presence of God in his book Bright Darkness: Jesus - Lover of Mankind. The point is that God is not an abstract being, somewhere "up there." Rather God is actively among us, always with us, always present to us. Are we present to Him?

This is especially true in this Christmas season where we celebrate the birth of the Word of God made flesh. As Archbishop Joseph Raya likes to point out in so many of his writings, the ultimate revelation of a person is the revelation of a person's face. Through Jesus' birth God has revealed His face to us! If, as Jesus said, the eyes are the lamp of the soul, then by looking into the human eyes of Christ we behold the very soul, the very heart of God! God is not abstract, He is not a list of dogmas that we believe in. No, God is a living Trinity of Persons that is constantly inviting us to join in their dance of love. Dogmas are, of course, important. But relationship is even more important. While dogmatic knowledge of God is foundational for our relationship with Him, we must be humble about dogma and admit that it does not say everything that there is to say about God. We can ultimately only come to know God by moving beyond dogma into the realm of the "bright dazzling darkness" or the "dark night of faith" where all concepts are laid aside and we simply behold God in awe and wonder. May heaven consume us!

Fr. Barron comments on Effective Evangelization

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I couldn't resist the opportunity to share this video. I'm becoming more and more a fan of Fr. Barron's short YouTube videos, but this one is one of my favorites. Whether you're Roman Catholic, Eastern or Oriental Catholic, or Eastern or Oriental Orthodox, it doesn't matter. If you want to evangelize the culture around you effectively you MUST allow the joy of friendship with Christ to shine through you. You must be transparent so that the light of Christ can shine through you onto others.

I've often found that Roman Catholics, in their efforts to evangelize, are too focused on apologetics (which in many areas have become little more than winning debates), ethics, or dogmatic teaching. Many Easterners say that Roman Catholics need to get their Liturgy right and then their efforts at evangelization will be more effective. But I find that oftentimes Easterners rely too much on the beauty of their liturgical services (and they are beautiful) to evangelize. What needs to happen among both Catholics - Eastern and Western - and Orthodox is that we need to radiate the joy of Christ in our lives. It's wonderful if our liturgies are beautiful, but if we ourselves are not joyful then no amount of beautiful artwork or chant is going to bring this culture to Christ. It's also wonderful to share the dogmatic and ethical teachings of our Faith, but if people don't see the joy in us that flows from our Faith in the Blessed Trinity the no amount of apologetic debates is going to bring this culture to the Triune God that loves us infinitely.

As Fr. Barron says, our joy flows from our relationship with Christ. This is why the topic of Christian spirituality is so important for our day and age, and it is why this blog exists. Let us enter more deeply into relationship in Christ, then we can go out and invite others to "come and see" why we are as joyful as we are. May heaven consume us!

The Arena: St. Ignatius Brianchaninov's Councils on Prayer: Part 3 Bows

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I know it's been quite some time since I've posted any meditations/thoughts on St. Ignatius Brianchaninov's work The Arena. I'm hoping here to start up again and provide a few more posts' worth of comments before finishing off the series.

Today he provides us with thoughts on bows and prostrations made during one's prayer rule. There are two things I find noteworthy right off the bat. First he only distinguishes two kinds of bow: one from the waist and the other a bow to the floor (a.k.a. a prostration). When he mentions bows from the waist he means this: "that when making it, the extended hand should touch the ground or floor." Those familiar with the Byzantine tradition will be quite familiar with such a bow. The right arm extends with the palm of the right hand facing out and one touches the floor with one's fingertips. This is often done before icons in one's parish church as a sign of reverence to those depicted in the image. If memory serves me correctly, such bows are also performed at the end of Compline in monasteries as one seeks the forgiveness of one's brethren before retiring to one's room.

 Secondly St. Ignatius mentions that bows and prostrations are normally only performed at one's evening "cell rule" or evening rule of prayer. At first this struck me as odd. Why would prostrations be limited primarily to one's evening rule. But when one reads the evening prayers of the Byzantine tradition one immediately notices the emphasis on resisting temptations that attack us specifically when we retire to bed. Performing a number of bows or prostrations in the evening can help to tire the body out, thus making various temptations less appealing, and also making it easier to drift off into sleep. I remember while growing up on a farm I never had sleeping troubles. Especially after a hard day's work my head would hit the pillow and I'd be out like a light. Now that my labor is less physically demanding - and especially while I was in college - I find falling asleep to be much more difficult. Perhaps if I'd do a number of prostrations I'd have an easier time drifting off.

St. Ignatius, of course, mentions the need for the heart to be in tune with the movements of the body while one is making prostrations. Prostrations, he says, made simply for numbers and without the proper disposition of the heart are spiritually very dangerous, leading to pride and delusion. Instead we ought to have a strong conviction that when we prostrate ourselves, we prostrate ourselves in repentance at the feet of Christ. It is important for us to nourish that feeling of repentance, compunction, mourning and sorrow for our sins. "Progress consists in this," he says, "that the monk sees himself as the most sinful of all men."

Do not worry about the number of bows. Pay all your attention to the quality of your prayer performed with prostrations. Without speaking of the effect on the spirit, a small number of bows made in the way described above will have a much greater effect on the body itself than a large number of bows made hurriedly, without attention, for quantity. Experience will soon prove this...

He makes an interesting point that when one tires from prostrations one should pass over to bows.

The following advice is also given for discerning the number of prostrations and bows that one ought to perform during one's evening rule:

Regarding it as one's imperative duty in making bows to ensure the soul's abundant working which consists in attentiveness, unhurriedness, reverence, and the intention to offer penitence to God, the ascetic will soon discover the quantity of bows his constitution can stand.

Notice again that St. Ignatius is putting all the emphasis on one's attentiveness and interior disposition at prayer. Again, the quantity of bows does not really matter. Bows and prostrations are meant to be an aid to attentiveness. If they are not aiding one's attention then one risks the spiritual delusion that can lead to pride and vanity. But when we are attentive to our prayer while making our bows and prostrations, the number of bows of which we are capable will soon reveal itself. Interestingly here St. Ignatius recommend slightly reducing the number of bows of which we are capable as a concession to human weakness.

From here he says we ought to gain approval for such a rule from our spiritual father, or our superior, or from a monk whose advice we trust. For us living out in the world we could turn to our own spiritual directors, our parish priest, or some spiritual friend whom we trust. Again, the main thing in all of this is that one remain attentive at prayer and not become proud because we have performed a certain number of bows. Gaining approval from a spiritual guide or friend that we trust puts us somewhat in a position of obedience to them. Such obedience is the foundation of humility.

In a future post I hope to go off the beaten track a bit by providing some commentary from St. Theophan the Recluse. In his book The Spiritual Life and How to Be Attuned to It, St. Theophan goes into a great deal of detail on determining the amount of time one should dedicate to one's prayer rule. God willing - and provided I can get my library unpacked - I'll be able to get that post up in the next couple of weeks. May heaven consume us!

Prayer Ropes for Sale!!!

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Hi Everyone,

I have a number of prayer ropes that are available for purchase and immediate shipment. NO WAITLIST!!! Normally I'm backed up with a couple months' worth of orders, so this is a little unusual for me. So if anyone's looking for a good prayer rope (albeit in some unusual colors), look no further. :)







I've also got a couple of black Coptic/Ethiopian Mequtaria immediately available as well. Here are some picture of those. The larger one is 64 knots (I think), and the smaller is 40 knots (I think).






If/when any of these ropes sell I will immediately indicate them as sold directly below the photograph. If you like a specific style/color/bead combo but the rope you like has sold, simply send me an email and I can make another one for you. :) Peace and blessings to you all. May heaven consume us.

The Commandments Of The Gospel - Speaking the Truth in Love - Ancient Faith Radio

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The Commandments Of The Gospel - Speaking the Truth in Love - Ancient Faith Radio

Since we've been working our way through a series of posts on St. Ignatius Brianchaninov's The Arena, this podcast from Fr. Thomas Hopko seemed pertinent. It is about 45 minutes long, but is very well worth the listen. He brings up a number of wonderful points regarding our own zeal for the Church and the spiritual life. One point in particular has inspired me to dig a little deeper in order to elaborate a bit more later on. But for now there is something that I wish to bring up and elaborate upon a bit.

In her book, Poustinia, the Servant of God Catherine Doherty mentions how for the first year of life as a new "poustinik" a solitary is only permitted to read the Bible. All other books are banned at least until after the first year. This has always bothered me a bit. What about the Fathers? What about the liturgical texts of our Church? What about the great wisdom contained in such books as the Philokalia, or The Arena, or other classics of Eastern and Western spirituality. As a lover of books it deeply bothered me that only one book would be permitted in the poustinia.


After listening to this podcast by Fr. Tom I was struck by the wisdom of "the Baroness," as Catherine Doherty is sometimes affectionately called. Not only was her command for newcomers to her "lay apostolate" completely in line with what Fathers like St. Ignatius taught, but it also encourages a way of life that is rooted first in the commands of the Gospel, and then in those same commands as elaborated by the Fathers. It is first necessary to establish the deep roots before the tree can grow and bear fruit, otherwise the first storm that passes will uproot the tree before it has a chance to mature.

I felt challenged by this podcast to deepen my own study of the Scriptures, a study which is admittedly lacking on my part. If, as St. Jerome mentions, ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ, then we ought to be zealous to correct any ignorance of the Gospel so as to come to know Christ more deeply. May heaven consume us.

From the Wreckage Comes Salvation

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In the recent podcast from Fr. Tom Hopko that I posted this past Sunday a point was made that I wanted to expand upon a bit. Fr. Tom mentions that in The Arena St. Ignatius says that God will use any means necessary to save us. Our salvation may not be neat and pretty, but He will do everything He can on His part to ensure our salvation. Fr. Tom then gave the example of St. Paul and his companions whose ship was wrecked, but they all made it ashore alive, some by swimming others by floating on the wreckage of the ship.

This last image is what set my mind to thinking. Often in the Church Fathers the Church itself is compared to a ship carrying its passengers to safety while the storms of the world crash around it. I've heard the Church referred to as the "Ark of Salvation," and many of the Fathers found typological connections between the ark of Noah and the Church. But we who are members of the Church (whether it be the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, or any of the Oriental Orthodox Churches) know too well that the Church oftentimes resembles the sinking Titanic more than it does the ark of Noah.

Particularly in our own day and age we hear far too many reports of various scandals that have gone on in one or another Church. We hear of monks and priests who have behaved unchastely with others. We hear of bishops covering up the sins of the priests and monks entrusted to them. We hear of disputes over land or even parish churches. I've even heard stories of monks breaking out into fist fights in the shrine built around the birth-place of our Blessed Lord because they couldn't determine who was responsible (or rather who got the honor) of cleaning what areas!

As Christians of the Apostolic Faith (again, whether we are Catholic, Orthodox, or Oriental) we believe that the Church is indeed the ark of our Salvation in Christ because the Church is Christ's Body, His continued existence here on earth. St. Teresa of Avila probably put it best when she said that Christ has no hands but yours, no feet but yours, no voice but yours, etc., etc., etc. (I'm paraphrasing, of course). But how do we reconcile this image of the Church with the brokenness we encounter in the trenches? I think a good answer lies in the words and imagery of St. Ignatius in The Arena. Christ promised to save us. He even gave us His Church as the ark of salvation. But he didn't say that our salvation would be picture perfect. In some ages our salvation comes amidst the wreckage. God gives us some driftwood to  cling to, or the strength to swim on just a little further. It may just be one board from the ship that proves to be our salvation, but it is still a part of the ship. The Church, despite her weaknesses and sometimes all-too-human existence, is still divine as well as human. It was instituted by Christ, and despite man and Satan's best efforts to destroy it (even from within), it will still be the ark of our salvation even if only one board of that ark remains.

So if you are loosing heart at what you see going on in the Church. If you are fed up with liturgical and clerical abuses, luke-warm Christians, relativism, etc., etc., etc. I hope you find hope in this image. Cling to Christ and His Church. The road may be rough, but He will see to it that we make it safely home one way or another. May heaven consume us.

Joyful Beginnings

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The season of Great Lent is upon us! For Eastern Catholics it has already begun. Among Maronite Catholics today is the first day of Lent. And for our Roman Catholic brethren Lent will start this Wednesday. But how often we approach Lent with a sense of foreboding and dread. Lent is not a time for us to put on sad faces because our diet has been restricted, or we have chosen to give up our favorite chocolate desert, or perhaps we have sworn off any alcoholic beverage. Lent is not about "giving things up." Lent is about new beginnings. It is the time where we "await in joyful hope, the coming of our Savior Jesus Christ" as is prayed daily in the Roman Mass. It is a "new springtime" as is prayed in Great Vespers in the Byzantine tradition. It is a time for healing from the wounds of sin and the passions as we prayed in Safro/Morning Prayer in the Maronite tradition this morning.

Lent is a time to "gather our thoughts" which are so often scattered by the cares and allure of the world. We gather our thoughts in order to descend into our hearts, there to encounter the living God that we may glorify Him "far from the trouble of this world" (Opening Prayer for Safro of Cana Sunday).

Again, Lent is a time of new beginnings. For us Christians New Years Day ought not to be the time to be making resolutions. Rather, our resolutions, our spiritual resolutions, are made for Lent. Is your prayer life suffering? Dedicate more time to pray during Lent. Develop the habit of prayer during Lent and let that habit continue on even past Easter Sunday. Do you feel you need to read more Scripture? Devote yourself to reading/praying Scripture for ten, fifteen, or twenty minutes a day during Lent and then continue that practice even when the fasting has ended and the feasting has begun. Do you have one habitual sin that keeps cropping up in your life? Devote yourself to uprooting that sin from your life during Lent and then continue to uproot it throughout the rest of your life.

To many Roman Catholics today the fasting rules for Great Lent among Eastern Catholics may seem strange and severe. Ideally we eat no meat, no dairy, no fish, no oil, and we drink no wine (or other alcoholic beverage). Basically during Great Lent Eastern Catholics and Orthodox become vegans. This is not in order to make our fasting more severe than others. Nor is it to deny the good that these other forms of food present to us. Rather such strict fasting is  o remind us of the days prior to the Fall of mankind, when Adam and Eve truly only ate the fruits and vegetables of the Garden of Eden, and existed in peace with the animals therein.

During Lent we look to that time prior to the Fall. We attempt through our own efforts to restore that pristine relationship with God, creation, and one another that we enjoyed prior to the Fall. Inevitably we fail. But we must struggle. Our salvation depends on it. We do not work out our own salvation. We act in synergy with God and His grace. Although we may fail along the road, God wants us to work with Him, to show Him that we take His gift of salvation seriously. That is why we have these forty days of Lent. We do our part so that when we celebrate the Resurrection of Christ we recognize that it is ultimately through God that our salvation comes, and through Him that we are recreated and restored to that pristine relationship we enjoyed prior to our Fall. We reach for the gift of recreation, but ultimately it is God who places the gift in our hands.

So let's start afresh. May this Lent be for all of us a time of spiritual renewal. May we all strive to re-enter the Garden, so that at the close of Lent we may glorify God for restoring us and sing out "Christ is risen!!!" May heaven consume us.

Fasting With Humility

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As I was praying my way through Morning Prayer this morning I was reminded of a conversation that I had with a gentleman several years ago. I was at my place of employment and sitting down to lunch. A Greek Orthodox gentleman was visiting and noticed what I was eating. It happened to be during Great Lent and I was eating something that had oil in it (for those of you unfamiliar with Eastern Christian fasting customs, oil is prohibited throughout Lent, as is meat, dairy products, and wine). The gentleman made some comment along the lines of "You Roman Catholics..." with a clear indication that Roman Catholic fasting customs were not strict enough. Incidentally I was following the Eastern fasting customs to the best of my abilities at the time.

While thinking about this conversation this morning I also remembered that in the writings of the Eastern Fathers none of them prescribe a universal fasting custom the must be followed on pain of incurring some sin. Indeed, in the Melkite Publican's Prayer Book we are reminded that the strict fasting laws of the Eastern Churches are an ideal to which we strive, not an imposition of law that we must obey for fear of sin. The Fathers all point out that fasting - or any ascetical practice for that matter -  is not something in which we ought to take pride, but rather a practice that must lead to deeper humility. If our fasting is not leading us deeper into humility, then it has lost its purpose.

Whether you follow the strict or adapted fasting practices of the Eastern Churches, or the current fasting practices of the Roman Church, does not ultimately matter so long as we approach those practices with humility and without judgment on the practices our fellow brethren in Christ follow. While I was growing up it was considered taboo to speak of what you had "given up for Lent." Even to this day I have a knee-jerk reaction to people when they ask me what I'm doing for Lent. I don't like to talk about it. How I fast during Lent is between God and I, so long as my fasting is within the regulations of the Church (obedience to the laws of the Church, after all, lead to deeper humility).

So during this Lent, this Great Fast, let's not worry so much about what our fellow Eastern Catholics are doing, or what our fellow Roman Catholics are giving up. Let's, rather, support one another in prayer and mutual encouragement. Let's uphold one another in humility. Let's fast according to our strength and in respect for our weaknesses so that we, with God's help, can develop a deeper humility within our hearts. This way, when Lent is over, whether we've followed the strict laws of the Fast, or simply given up chocolate, we can rejoice all the more with one another for engaging in this spiritual warfare and exalt all the more when we cry out in joy, "Christ is risen!"

Why Do We Fast?

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I have been questioned at work lately about the purpose of our Lenten fasting. Why do we fast? Why is it so important. Why do Roman Catholics give up things for Lent? And why are Eastern Catholics restricted to certain foods? There are, of course, a number of answers. We have fasted from ancient times. Fasting helps us to take our attention from the things of this world in order to transfer that attention onto God. Fasting reminds us that the things of this world are good, but that as Christians we seek a higher good, a life transfigured by the indwelling of the Trinity.

During Safro/Morning Prayer this morning I was reminded of a specific element of fasting and prayer; an element that enjoys a fairly widespread emphasis in Eastern spirituality. That element is spiritual healing. In the "Mazmooro" prayers before the readings this morning we pray:

Behold the merciful Doctor comes; you who are fasting, come, let him heal you; in his loving kindness he pardons sins.

Let it be proclaimed from the mountain tops: Behold, the merciful Doctor comes; you who are fasting, covered with wounds and sins, offer him praise.

So often we think of sin as breaking some law, a law that feels exterior to us. Indeed, many of the Eastern Fathers emphasize that it takes great spiritual effort on our part before we sense the laws of God flowing up from within our very nature. In the East there is this sense that sin is a breaking of God's law. But instead of focusing on the breaking of the law itself, the East has preferred to ask why it is that we break this law. The answer; sin is not just a breaking of the law, but a sickness within us that has been passed down to us since the fall of our first parents. In order to eradicate sin from our lives, it is first necessary to treat the underlying disease of which breaking the law is a symptom.

Whenever we go to the doctor for some procedure or surgery we are told that we must fast for a certain period of time. A doctor would not dream of removing the tonsils of someone who had just eaten a donut five minutes before coming to the hospital. Such an operation would simply make the person more ill. Christ, the Physician of our Souls, asks us to fast during this time so that He may operate in our hearts and remove the disease of sin and the tyranny of death. Fasting and prayer instill humility deep in our hearts; otherwise we might be tempted to think that the eradication of sin came from our own efforts and the sin of pride, the mother of all sins, would reign in our lives.

So we trust our Divine Physician, Who has spoken to us through the Scriptures and His Church. He asks us to fast not in order to make us miserable, but in order to fully heal us from deeper spiritual ailments. May our fast be a blessed one. And may heaven consume us.

Learning to Speak

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Over the last few days I've been questioning the importance of the liturgy in the personal individual prayer life of faithful Christians. By "liturgy" here I don't simply mean just the Mass/Divine Liturgy/Qurbono. What I'm referring to is the entire liturgical life of the Church including the celebration of the Sacraments, the daily cycle of the Hours, the yearly rhythm of feasts and fast, etc. Why is all of this so important? Why would the Church impose any sort of "obligation" to participate in this? Why not just insist that the faithful simply pray on Sundays?

In questioning all of this I was reminded of a section in a book by Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) entitled Feast of Faith. It's been so many years since I've read that book that I don't remember exactly where the section is, nor do I remember exact quotes. All that I remember is that he provides us with an image of a mother teaching her child to talk. Babies learn to talk from their parents, but from their mothers in particular. As she nurses her child a mother will speak to it. Whenever a child is distressed it almost always turns to its mother, who comforts it with hugs, kisses and soothing words. A child will gaze into its mother's eyes as she speaks lovingly to it, repeating words over and over until those very words begin to form on the lips of the child.

So too with the Church. It is through this cycle of feasts and fasts, daily prayers, weekly (and sometimes daily) Divine Liturgy, etc., that the Church teaches us to speak the words of prayer. It is in the Liturgy of the Church that our Mother teaches us to speak with and relate to God our Father, Christ our Brother, and the Holy Spirit the "Giver of Life." Without the Liturgy we are like infants attempting to speak without anyone teaching us not only the basics of grammar, but even the basics of forming a proper word.

In the East the Jesus Prayer has taken on a special pseudo-liturgical role primarily for those who, for one reason or another, cannot participate in certain areas of the Church's liturgical life. That is why there are set "rules" to replace the celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours if one is unable to participate in them. It is also why one can replace participation in the Divine Liturgy by repeating the Jesus Prayer a certain number of times. It's not that the Church is trying to provide a way out of going to Church on Sunday. Rather it's because the Church recognizes that it is not always possible to make it to Church every Sunday. The Jesus Prayer keeps us connected to the Church's liturgical life.

At one time in the Church (both East and West) it was obligatory on the faithful to participate daily - yes daily - in Matins and Vespers. Certain traditions in the Church still maintain such an obligation. Among the Coptics the faithful are still required to pray the Agpeya (Coptic Liturgy of the Hours). Unfortunately in the West the Liturgy of the Hours was considered for centuries to be the obligation of clergy and religious exclusively. This, happily, is something that the Second Vatican Council strove to remedy by recommending a reformation of the Roman Liturgy of the Hours and by clarifying it's important not only in the lives of clergy and religious, but also in the lives of the lay faithful as well.

In the Byzantine East the Horologion grew in large part out of monastic usage. Over the centuries it has acquired a great deal of complexity to the point the celebrating Orthros/Matins in full can take upwards of two hours, and Vespers an hour and a half. One almost needs to be a liturgical expert simply to navigate the multiple volumes required to celebrate the Liturgy of the Hours according to the Byzantine tradition. Parishes, if they celebrate the Hours at all, will typically skip over certain prayers simply because the Horologion was designed for monastic use and not for use in parish churches. Certain monasteries here in the U.S. have actually been in the process of reforming the Byzantine Horologion in order to create an adaptation that is both consistent with Tradition, but also suitable for parish churches who's parishioners have busy lives.

I am personally a big fan of the Maronite Liturgy of the Hours. The translation available here in the U.S. contains only Safro/Matins and Ramsho/Vespers, and it is not a full translation of either of those services. Rather, it is an adaptation of the much longer monastic service made suitable for parish, group and private use. Some folks don't like the translation, but not knowing a word of Syriac and not having and older translation to compare it with I wouldn't know if the translation is good or bad. I do know that it is very prayable and that the theology and spirituality it conveys is beautiful, clear, and orthodox.

Why do I mention these different traditions of the Liturgy of the Hours? Because praying the Hours is one way that we can enter into the liturgical life of the Church and allow our Mother to teach us to pray truly. By repeating Her words and allowing those words to enter our hearts, Her words eventually become our words and Her prayer our prayer. We are blessed in this day and age to have easy access to  the books needed to pray the Liturgy of the Hours. The Byzantine Horologion (and most other volumes), the Maronite Prayer of the Faithful, the Roman Christian Prayer, and the Coptic Agpeya are all readily available on Amazon, Ebay, or by simply doing a quick google search. We today really have little to no excuse not to participate in the Liturgy of the Hours. So sit down with your Mother for 15 minutes a day and let Her teach you how to pray. May heaven consume us.

Jesus Prayer: First Contact

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Anyone who's familiar with shows like Star Trek, Doctor Who?, or The X-Files will recognize the phrase from this post's title: First Contact. Perhaps relating this phrase to the Jesus Prayer is somewhat inappropriate as it always implies contact with something that is unfamiliar, alien, not of this world. I suppose some Eastern Christians could argue that the Jesus Prayer is something alien or unfamiliar to the Western Christian tradition, but their argument would be incorrect. Devotion to the Holy Name, whether in the form of the Jesus Prayer or in some other form, has existed in the West for as long as it has in the East.

In choosing the title of this post I didn't mean to imply first contact with something that was unfamiliar to the larger universal tradition of the Church (East and West), but rather with something that was unfamiliar to me. People who know me know that I like to tell stories. I am a huge fan of history because it is so full of inspirational stories. Perhaps I chose to study theology in college because theology itself is such a wonderful story. After all, what more is theology than reflection on "the greatest story ever told?" What more is theology than reflection on Salvation History; the story of man's fall and God's intervention into history in order to raise man up again and elevate him even higher. I've often heard Salvation History referred to as "His-story," God's story. Someone once said that God writes history the way man writes books. All of history, therefore, is God's story, and what a magnificent story it is!

But back to topic. As I was walking this morning I remembered the time from my childhood when I first encountered the Jesus Prayer. As I've mentioned in the past, my mother was a very big advocate of daily Mass. She used to wake us up early every morning just so we could get to Mass (oh, how we hated waking up at 6:00 AM in order to get to 7:00 Mass!). Most of the time my brother and I were fortunate enough to be able to serve Mass. It hasn't been until just recently that I've really began to reflect with gratitude and wonder upon the great privilege I've had of being able to serve at God's Holy Altar on a daily basis...

Apart from daily Mass my mother also tried to instill in us the importance of frequent Confession. We had no excuse not to make use of frequent Confession as most of the time Confessions were heard for at least half and hour before Mass began. In particular I remember going to Confession every Friday. My brother and I would serve Eucharistic Adoration/Benediction every Friday. During the hour-long adoration our pastor would retire to the Confessional where he would sit and hear confessions until it was time for Benediction followed by Mass.

One time, after I had finished confessing my sins, my pastor gave me a "penance" that struck me as odd. Perhaps it is good that it struck me as odd because it's stuck with me ever since. He told me to kneel before the exposed Eucharist and utter the words "My Jesus, mercy!" from the depths of my heart. "My Jesus, mercy!" What an odd phrase. It's not even a complete sentence, I thought. A part of me felt as though this penance were too easy and that he should've at least given me the typical three "Our Father's" and three "Hail Mary's." But I obeyed his words and knelt before the Eucharist uttering that unusual phrase. "My Jesus, mercy!"

How odd. It was much more difficult to utter that phrase from the heart than I thought it would be. I remember repeating it over and over again, never feeling as though my heart were as "in it" as it should be. It troubled me when I went home. The prayer stayed with me. Always weighing on my mind and heart. How can such a simple phrase be so difficult to utter? "My Jesus, mercy!" It's only three words! I suppose the Lord gave me those words so that He could teach me their meaning throughout the rest of my life. They still weigh heavily upon me. I've yet to summon them from the depths of my heart. For now I only have a superficial grasp of them. But if they are to be my life's companion, what better companion could I ask for? "My Jesus, mercy!"

For folks who think that this phrase is not the Jesus Prayer because it isn't the standard formula (Lord Jesus Chirst, Son of God, have mercy on me a sinner), let me remind you that the Jesus Prayer has never really been a standard formula, and that there are many "versions" of the Jesus Prayer. St. Theophan the Recluse and St. Ignatius Brianchaninov remind us that the power of the Jesus Prayer doesn't come from the formula itself, but from the Holy Name. All else could fade away from the Jesus Prayer, but the Holy Name is the essence of the Prayer. Any time someone repeats the name of Jesus with love and reverence they are praying the Jesus Prayer.

Fr. Robert Taft, S.J. and Metropolitan Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia, inspired by Fr. Lev Gillet (A Monk of the Eastern Church), affirm that as the Jesus Prayer descends further and further into one's heart the words become fewer and fewer until we are left with that exact phrase, "My Jesus, mercy!" I've even read from a book by a monk of Mt. Athos that the formula of the Jesus Prayer is meant to disappear. Repeat the Jesus Prayer over and over again, and as time goes on fewer and fewer words are needed. Even this monk of the Holy Mountain affirmed that eventually all one is left with is "My Jesus, mercy!" uttered with love from the depth of one's heart.

Over time this little phrase has popped up in my prayer life. When times have been tough, when I've felt like I'm at my wit's end, when I was completely out of physical, psychological, and spiritual strength, then those words formed on my lips. "My Jesus, mercy!" It's like crying "uncle" when one is pinned to the floor and can't take it anymore. There is no need for it to be a complete sentence. Often times, when we are really close to someone, we will often speak without using complete sentences. Often times complete sentences are not needed. What is important is the sentiment behind the sentence.

"My Jesus, mercy!" Without the presence of the heart this phrase means nothing. But with the heart present it sums up everything. The whole of Salvation History, "His-story," the greatest story ever told, can be summed up with one word, "mercy." When we pray the Jesus Prayer from the heart, then Salvation History becomes our history, our story. Our lives become the story of God's mercy bestowed upon us, His saving presence with us. We still see the greater picture of Him reaching down to mankind and pulling us out of the depths of the abyss, but with the Jesus Prayer we experience Him reaching down to us individually, personally, and drawing us up into His presence. "My Jesus, mercy!"

Kim's Gift

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Here are a handful of pictures of my current prayer rope. This prayer rope was made possible by my dear friend, Kim, who provided me with both the color combo and the material. Kim, if/when you read this I hope the pictures are good enough so that you can clearly see what you made possible. May God bless you abundantly. :)







The Powerlessness of God

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Have you ever been completely and utterly powerless? Have you ever been in a situation that at any other time you would've had the ability to influence the outcome, but at that given moment you were powerless to influence of affect anything? Have you ever felt like you had both hands tied behind your back and that you were completely bound and gagged?

I've had these feelings many times over the past several years. One time in particular has always stuck out to me. After my first child, a beautiful little girl, was born we were overwhelmed with the diagnosis that she was "special-needs," having an extremely rare syndrome that not much is known about. When she was a few weeks old she had to undergo surgery in order to have a feeding tube inserted into her stomach. For me the hospital trips and the "special-needs" diagnosis weren't so bad. Sure such things were overwhelming and felt beyond my control, but overall it wasn't that bad. What was the worst for me was the night immediately after her first surgery.

I remember getting to the hospital from the job I had been working and relieving my wife so that she could go home and get some much-needed sleep. My daughter had just had her first surgery about an hour before I arrived, so I was holding and comforting her as best I could. I sat up with her all night and tried to comfort this tiny little person who barely knew life and was already learning about pain. But I was still elated at my first-born child, and so sitting up all night was a wonderful bonding experience for me with her.

What I wasn't prepared for, however, was the fact that typically while children are coming down off of morphine after surgery they will often stop breathing. The first time my little girl stopped breathing scarred me. She was sitting in my lap crying and all of the sudden she just refused to inhale. Nurses rushed in because monitors had started to beep wildly. It didn't take much effort that time to get my little girl breathing again. But the second time that happened things were more difficult. They had to take my angel from me and place her on the hospital bed. Doctors and nurses surrounded the bed and pumped air into her with the big blue bag. I stood behind them watching as my daughter's entire body went rigid, arms and legs stretched out as far as they could reach. She turned a deep shade of purple, and I wondered if this was it, or if she was actually going to start breathing again. I was powerless, there was nothing I could do. I was watching life slip away from the child to whom I had given life, and there was nothing I could do about it.

Fortunately the doctors got her breathing again and she is alive and well to this day.

But I was reminded of this as I was praying Safro/Morning Prayer this morning. In it we read the account of Christ's trial from the Gospel of Matthew. The irony struck me. God was powerless. Jesus, Who is "Light from Light and True God from True God;" Jesus Who is the Word of God that spoke all of creation into existence; Jesus Who created us from nothing, was powerless before His persecutors. He was powerless because He gave up His power as God when He chose to take on our flesh for our salvation.

The prayers from Safro today emphasized this humility of Christ. But the prayers also pointed out how this humility leads to glory. Powerlessness leads glorification. Christ was raised up because He, although being God, did not deem equality with God a thing to be grasped. The entire Paschal Mystery, as the Maronite tradition teaches us, is a mystery that causes both sorrow and joy, or perhaps it would be better to say that the mystery leads from sorrow into joy. All throughout Lent we have been repenting in sorrow over our sinfulness. But that repentance has not been a repentance without a goal, a repentance that leads only to despair, self-loathing, and guilt. Our repentance has been a repentance focused on hope in Christ and in His Resurrection. In our powerlessness to overcome our sinful nature on our own, may we continually turn to Christ and hope in Him. May heaven consume us.

Christ Incarnate - Christ Crucified

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For us Catholics tomorrow is "Good Friday," or "Great and Holy Friday," or "Great Friday of the Crucifixion" depending on which of the Catholic traditions you belong to (Roman, Byzantine, Maronite, etc.). Growing up I remember there being this huge emphasis that on Good Friday "God died for us." Jesus, Who is both God and man, gave His life that we might also have life. Christ died in order to free us from our slavery to sin and death.

This, of course, is all true. But for me it has always rung as somewhat ambiguous. I have always experienced Good Friday as a pie-in-the-sky type event; an event of great spiritual importance, but spiritual here in the sense that it has little to no impact on the day-to-day nitty-gritty of daily life. Christ died for my salvation. Peachy. Okay, time to punch the clock and set about another day's monotonous work.

I can only presume that I am not alone in this experience. As Christians who hope for a Kingdom yet to come there is a strong temptation to focus our sight on the eschatological "not yet" of Christ's Kingdom and to all but forget the "already," the here and now of this Kingdom. We look at the world around us. Perhaps we get a little depressed or jaded at how secularism is taking over even within the Church. We see how the ideals of Christianity have not been lived up to, but are being casually swept aside as "inadequate." We may even see Church leaders who are behaving and speaking in such a way that is completely against the teachings of the Church. The temptation at this point, at least for me, is to brush it off. "Eh. At least we still have the coming Kingdom to look forward to." But this was not Christ's response when He saw mankind steeped in sin and death.

One of the things I love most about the writings of Archbishop Joseph Raya as well as Fr. George Maloney is just how very "Incarnational" they are. Archbishop Raya in particular puts a very strong emphasis on Christ's humanity, without of course ever losing sight of His divinity. "Christ-God became man..." It is as though Archbishop Raya was completely enthralled with this reality. "God became man." One could mull over this reality for the rest of one's life and not even begin to scratch the surface of the depths of this mystery.

I believe this reality is very important for us to remember. We live in times that are very "heady." We like ideas, information, facts, abstracts, philosophy. So many of us have our head in the metaphorical clouds while at the same time being almost completely out of touch with material reality. This I've even observed to be true among Christians. As Christopher West points out, many Christians have the attitude that the body (the material world) is bad and only the spirit is good. So many Christians seek a way to escape from the body; to be solely spiritual. This, of course, is completely against man's nature and, were it true, would render Christ's Incarnation laughable. Why would God take on flesh if flesh itself were evil? Where would the power of the Cross be if Christ Himself hadn't taken on flesh?

So as we celebrate the memorial of Christ's Passion, Crucifixion, Death, and Resurrection, I believe it is also important that we look back to His Incarnation and Birth. Just a few days ago we celebrated the feast of the Annunciation (March 25), exactly nine months before we will again celebrate Christ's birth. It is very telling that we would celebrate the Incarnation this year during great Lent - and during Holy Week no less. Christ's Crucifixion is rooted in His Incarnation. St. Anthanasius tells us that what is not assumed cannot be saved. If Christ hadn't become incarnate, then His Crucifixion would've been meaningless to save us. Had Christ not taken on flesh, then we would still be enslaved to sin and death.

The (relatively) recent movie, The Passion of the Christ, I believe did a wonderful job driving home to Christians just how very real, how very physical Christ's sufferings were. Whether or not such a movie was appropriate is a different question, but we certainly can't argue the portrayal itself. I remember one Lent reading a portion of the book A Doctor On Calvary in which a medical doctor examined the Shroud of Turin to decipher just what exactly the Person in that image had undergone just hours before His death. It was truly horrifying.

As I was driving to work a couple days ago I was thinking of how the weight of my own sins feel on me personally. We speak of "a guilty conscience" or of something "weighing on our shoulders." That got me to thinking, if we were to experience the cumulative weight of our own personal sins on our shoulders, not only would we be crushed under them, but we would probably also be driven insane. Now take that weight and multiply it by every human being who has lived, is living, and will ever live. Imagine the extreme weight! It would be unbearable. And yet that is what Christ bore on His human shoulders as he ascended the hill of Golgatha. It is said that the Cross itself would've had to have weighed at least 200 lbs. A weight that is extremely difficult for even a health and strong man to carry any real length. Now imagine having been beaten to nearly an inch of your life and having lost a great quantity of blood in the process. Let's see you pick up a 200 lb. object and carry it for more than a yard without any help! My wife just gave blood yesterday. She could barely support herself, let alone one of our children, and definitely let alone 200 lbs. of solid wood.

Christ carried the suffering and sin of the world on His shoulders. This is something wonderful that I discovered in the writings of Archbishop Raya and in his enthrallment with the Incarnation. When confronted by our own suffering and sinfulness, Christ's response was not a philosophy of suffering or a code of ethics. Christ's response was action. He healed the sick, restored walk to the lame, made the mute speak, and the deaf hear! He raised the dead from their graves, He fed the hungry, He forgave sins! This was not heady abstract stuff, it was concrete action on His part. God didn't become man to give us some guidelines and a rule book. He became man to literally pull us up out of the mire of our sins, to confront the sufferings we had caused ourselves because of sin and death. To give us a new way of life in Him, as brothers and sisters in Him instead of slaves to sin.

So as we celebrate the Passion, Death, and Resurrection, I believe it is important that we also keep close to heart the Incarnation and Birth of Christ. Never lose sight of the fact that God has physically entered human history in order to address directly the problems with which we are faced both individually and corporately. To quote St. Athanasius again (or was it St. Irenaeus???), "God became man in order that man might become god." May heaven consume us.

People of the Resurrection

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I believe there is a temptation among Christians today to view ourselves as people of the Cross. Christians, whether we like it or not, are among the most persecuted peoples in the world. Although here in the U.S. the persecution is really one more of words and defamation than anything else, in other areas of the world Christians are murdered simply because they are Christian. Whether our reputations are murdered by the media and popular public opinion or our bodies are murdered by those who hate us and do not want to hear the Gospel message of Jesus Christ, one cannot deny that we are a persecuted people. In reaction to this ongoing persecution many Christians (I would venture to say most) have emphasized our participation in the sufferings, the Cross, of Christ. This is done almost to the point that we forget that in reality we are people of the Resurrection. As St. Paul points out to us, without the Resurrection the Cross is meaningless and our faith is in vain.

But what does it mean to be people of the Resurrection? How do we live in the light of the Resurrection and the hope of future glory in the coming Kingdom? This morning, while praying Safro (Maronite Morning Prayer) a couple of beautiful prayers illumined some answers for me. In the opening prayer we prayed:

"O Lord,
Allow us to share the joy of the apostles and holy women
on this glorious morning when they carried the good news.
Today, let their joy be ours, for in spite of two thousand years
this event which we commemorate is always present..."

It is often difficult to remember that Christ's Resurrection, although it is a fixed moment in history, is always present with us. It is an ongoing moment that we enter into through holy Baptism and we participate in through our participation in the life of the Church, Christ's Body. The Resurrection is now. Do we experience the joy of this moment in the same way as the apostles and myrrh-bearing women experienced it? Imagine the joy that Mary Magdalene experience when she realized the man in the garden was Jesus! He is alive! He is risen! Do we experience that same joy? Do we reflect that joy in our lives and attitudes? The first prayer of Safro has this to say:

"O Christ,
may we understand the meaning of your resurrection
so that we may not see in it a purely historical event
or only a foundation of our faith,
but a life which we must realize in ourselves every day,
a hope which we must draw each moment from our faith,
so that our souls may become just by your life,
and our hope may be united to your hope,
and in your kingdom we shall glorify you face to face.
Both here and there we shall praise you with a ceaseless love, forever."

The Resurrection is not simply a historical event; nor is it merely the foundation of our faith. It is both of these and so much more. The Resurrection is a life that we enter into through Baptism and that we must live every day. It is a life filled with joy and hope despite, or perhaps because of, the sufferings and persecutions that we undergo. The Cross is not something to focus on. It is passing. When we enter into the Cross of Christ we also enter into His hope that the Father will raise Him up in glory on the third day after His death. Since we have been raised in glory in Christ, do we rejoice in the Father Who has raised us up with Christ? Do we radiate the joy of Christ, the light that burst forth from the empty tomb? We cannot evangelize the culture around us by beating our chests and saying "Woe is me" because we are made to suffer here and now. We suffer, yes, but the battle is over and Christ is victorious! Why do we hang our heads as though we've been defeated? A priest I once knew used to say, "We know who wins." Indeed we do. We know Who has already won. We ought to rejoice in the victory of Christ and radiate the light of the Victorious One. When we are joyful in Christ, when we radiate the glory of the Resurrection, only then will the darkness in the world around us be dissipated.

Christ is risen!
CHRIST IS RISEN!!!
CHRISTOS ANESTI!!!

Shout that out at the top of your lungs and let those words penetrate to the depths of your being. Our God is alive and with us always! What seemed like defeat was turned into victory. So too today. Despite everything, let us continue to live in the reality of the Resurrection, rejoicing in our hope in Christ and in God our loving Father. May heaven consume us! CHRIST IS RISEN!!!

The Joy of the Resurrection

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As I was praying through Safro this morning I was inspired to offer this sort of follow-up to my last post. In the "Sedro" of the "Hoosoyo" (I'll have to look up the definitions of those terms later so that I can explain just exactly what sedro and hoosoyo are) I found the following lines:

"Put joy into our hearts,
that we may be consoled amidst the trials of this world,
give witness to your name before all people,
and that they may know you (Christ Jesus), the Father and the Spirit..."

I was stunned yet again by this emphasis on joy that I find in the Maronite tradition. We are called to witness to Christ by sharing our joy in Him. Christianity, particularly Apostolic Christianity in its Catholic and Orthodox traditions, is not a doom-and-gloom religion, but a religion of joy and hope. Joy in the fact that the Kingdom of God is here; and hope in the Kingdom of God yet to come - a dynamic tension of the "already" and the "not yet." Christianity is a religion of joy because we have so great a redeemer; because while we were yet sinners Christ Jesus offered His life for us that we might have life in its fullest. Christianity is a religion of joy because of the great love that God our Father has for us in sending us His only Son as the light of the world shining in the darkness. Christianity is a religion of joy because with Christ we die to the old man and are raised to new life in the bosom of the Trinity, the Trinitarian life.

In the hymns for Pascha the Byzantine tradition calls us to rejoice in the Resurrection, to dance, to embrace one another, to shine, to radiate the light of the Resurrection that has shone on us. The angels shout, and all creation is turned upside down, reeling with joy in the fact of the Resurrection and reveling in its renewal. This Paschal joy must permeate our lives.

So often we think that if we provide better arguments, if we study apologetics more thoroughly, if we engage in informed intellectual debate, then we can convince people of the truth of Christianity. But, as St. Paul says, we preach Christ crucified and risen, a stumbling block to the Jews and folly to the Gentiles. Intellectual arguments are good, but they only go so far. One does not change hearts by offering "proofs" of this or that truth of Christianity. We change hearts by reveling in the folly of the Cross and rejoicing in the impossibility of the Resurrection. We change hearts by becoming fools steeped in God's foolishness, which is wiser than the greatest wisdom of men.

I often ask myself why certain writings from the saints and from a handful of modern authors and theologians really have a lasting impact on the Church. One thing that I find common to all of them is the amount of joy contained in those writings (yes, even within the writings of the great scholastic thinkers like Aquinas and Bonaventure). One need only read a few pages from the writings of folks like Catherine Doherty or Archbishop Joseph Raya or Fr. George Maloney before one is really infected with their joy in the risen Lord. Likewise one need only read a few lines from someone like St. Symeon the New Theologian, St. Ephrem the Syrian, St. Theophan the Recluse, St. Therese of Lisieux, or St. Francis of Assisi before one can almost see the light of their joy radiating off the very pages.

If we are to effectively evangelize the world around us, we must be Christ's light shining in that world. We must radiate the joy of the Resurrection. We must cry out the joy of the Resurrection as the angels in the empty tomb did to the myrrh bearing women. We must triumphantly sing the song of victory with joy and gratitude in our hearts and permeating our words. Only then will we truly begin to change the hearts (and gradually the minds) of those around us.

Christ is risen!
CHRISTOS ANESTI
El Maseeh qam

The Arena: St. Ignatius Brianchaninov's Councils on Prayer: Part 4 Why the Jesus Prayer?

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I figured it was high time that I wrap up the series we've been working on based off of St. Ignatius Brianchaninov's The Arena. I'm still planning a few more posts and an addendum based off of some recommendations from St. Theophan the Recluse, but my books are still packed away in boxes, so I'm going to have to really dig to find the materials I need. Today, however, I want to touch on St. Ignatius' introduction to the Jesus Prayer itself.

In this basic introduction to the Jesus Prayer St. Ignatius does not give us basic instructions for praying the Jesus Prayer, so much as demonstrates for us what the Jesus Prayer is and why it is important. Based off of the writings of the Patristic Fathers, he identifies for us two types of prayer: singing or hymnody, by which he means specifically the singing or prayerful reading of the Psalter, and prayer, by which he specifically means the Jesus Prayer. He makes the claim that any time the ancient Fathers speak of prayer the mean specifically the Jesus Prayer. I don't have the resources to verify that his claim here is true, but we will operate under the presumption that it is - who better to interpret the words of the saints than a saint, after all.

The Jesus Prayer itself, says St. Ignatius, is divided into two forms: the vocal and the mental. It is necessary that we start with a vocal recitation of the prayer and from there move on to the mental. Mental recitation is achieved when vocal prayer becomes concentrated, focused and attentive. To quote St. Theophan, mental or attentive prayer is achieved when the mind descends into the heart and is held there. Attentive prayer means that we enclose our minds in the words of the prayer, and conform our hearts to the words. In other words, we prayer slowly, with attention, and with compunction of heart. Our hearts must be attuned to what we are saying. This, for some, takes time and great effort. For others it is obtained easily and with little effort. The Spirit blows where it wills, I suppose. I've seen people who have prayed and struggled for years and still do not possess prayer of the heart despite their best efforts. I have also seen people who were, seemingly, beginners in the spiritual life, but who were given prayer of the heart almost immediately. Whether we are given such prayer right away or it takes years for us to receive the gift is not important. What is important is that we persevere in prayer with patience, always expecting and hoping for this great gift of God. Our Father has promised to give us all things so long as we ask in Jesus name, but He didn't promise to give us those thing immediately upon request. We have to be patient and allow our Father to prepare our hearts for the reception of the power and fire of the Holy Spirit.

St. Ignatius points out, however, that the above mentioned conditions - attentiveness, compunction, unhurriedness, etc. - are conditions for all prayer, not just for the Jesus Prayer. But, he says, these conditions are more easily obtained and observed in the Jesus Prayer. In the Psalms we have reflected a vast array of human emotion, theological thought and insight, and a wide array of other thoughts. I remember my spiritual father once telling me that in the Psalms we can find reflected every single human emotion. There is a Psalm for every feeling that we might feel. The Psalms, in many ways, are very human and are themselves some of the most beautiful prayers ever composed. Because of this great diversity, however, it can often be difficult to focus one's attention and one's heart while praying the Psalms. We move from great rejoicing, to lamentation, to repentance, to praise at a rapid pace and it is often difficult to keep up.

The Jesus Prayer, on the other hand, has but one thought: "The thought of the sinner's forgiveness by Jesus." This specific emphasis and focus, the saint warns us, is very dry. It is dry. Anyone who's ever persevered in the Jesus Prayer for any length of time knows that after awhile it can "get old," as we say nowadays. The words are simply repeated as though we are on autopilot. Our mind and heart aren't in the words because the words, for us, have become stale, old, dry. But we must persevere, we must hold our mind in attentiveness. We must bring the movements of our hearts into harmony with the words of the Jesus Prayer. The power to do this comes from the name of Jesus.

This is where I believe the great wisdom of our Mother, the Church, comes into play. The Jesus Prayer is great work, but it is work that must be done if we wish to progress in the spiritual life. But we need a break from labor every now and then. I remember reading one of the Eastern saints (I forget who) who mentions how if a bow is always strung up and ready to fire it will eventually snap. So too with the spiritual combatant who never "relaxes" so to speak. Soldiers on the battle front have to be removed every now and then, otherwise they reach the breaking point and their minds simply snap; they lose their grip on reality. So too in the spiritual life and particularly in the work of the Jesus Prayer.

My own personal opinion, for what it's worth, is that this is why we must balance our practice of the Jesus Prayer with Psalmody, or more specifically with our participation in the Liturgy of the Hours. The Hours can be a breath of fresh air that rejuvenates our practice of the Jesus Prayer. It is here that our Mother nourishes us and strengthens us so that we can go back into the arena of our hearts and fight once again with the name of Jesus as our weapon. Through the liturgical life of the Church, particularly the Eucharistic celebration and the Hours, we are brought out of ourselves and we celebrate the mysteries of Salvation History with our brethren. We are strengthened by our Mother and our brethren because we see that we are not in this fight alone. We are nourished by the very Body and Blood of Christ, and finally we are sent back into the world to continue our combat. This is why Sunday is such an important day, and why rest - not necessarily the rest of the body, but especially the rest of the soul - is so important on that day.

One final thought from St. Ignatius before I close out today's reflections. He closes off this chapter by asking, "What is it that will be given to a person who prays in the name of the Lord Jesus that can fill him to overflowing with joy?" The reply: We will be given the Holy Spirit! It is very interesting to reflect on the Jesus Prayer and its connection to the giving of the Holy Spirit. I remember hearing a priest once give a talk on the phrase "Lord, have mercy" that is repeated over and over in the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. He said that the Greek word for "mercy" is actually derived from the same word as the Greek word for "anointing." When we ask for God's mercy, therefore, we are not simply asking for the forgiveness of our sins (although that is certainly an element). Above all, however, we are asking for God's anointing. And what is the anointing with which God anoints? God anoints us with His Holy Spirit! When we pray the Jesus Prayer we are not just asking for the forgiveness of our sins, we are also asking for the anointing of the Holy Spirit. We are asking for.... wait for it.... Baptism in the Holy Spirit! That's right, I said it. I used those words that many have come to associate with the Charismatic Renewal but which, in reality, stretch all the way back to the Early Church. I hope to be able to write on this more later on, but for now suffice it to say that Baptism of the Holy Spirit simply means a release of the graces and power of the Holy Spirit that were given to us in the Sacraments, particularly in Baptism, Chrismation/Confirmation, and the Eucharist. To use the language of St. Theophan the Recluse, Baptism of the Holy Spirit means the (re)kindling of the divine spark that was implanted in us at our initiation into the Church and that has been dormant within us through our own negligence and forgetfulness.

So in praying the Jesus Prayer, we are really praying for so much more than the forgiveness of our sins.  We pray for the anointing of the Holy Spirit, that the reign of Christ's Kingdom come in our hearts and spread from us throughout the world, that God's steadfast love bear fruit in us and through us in all of mankind. In short, when we pray the Jesus Prayer we pray that Christ's mission, His Gospel, His Good News of the coming of the Kingdom, be fulfilled in us and through us in all Mankind. May heaven consume us! CHRIST IS RISEN!!!
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